The time series of five years moving average minimum and maximum temperature was analysed for the period 19802014. The calculated PCI for seasonal as well as inter-annual rainfall distribution for the spatiotemporal time series is shown in Table2. Therefore, appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies have to be included in the development agenda to reverse the trend. There has been a continuous decrease in the duration and distribution of rainfall during the last 35 years. In view of this, the incidence of food shortage is a common occurrence. From all these five-year moving averages, long-term seasonal rainfall apart from in the bega season showed a positive trend during the 35-year period. The monthly maximum and minimum temperatures are for the same points and girds, but cover the period 1981-2011. contribution of working group I to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality data, Global warming and African climate change: a reassessment, Long-term variations and trends in precipitation in Finland, Theory and practice in assessing vulnerability to climate change and facilitating adaptation, The value of large-scale climate variables in climate change assessment: the case of Botswana's rainfall, Precipitation climatology over India: validation with observations and reanalysis datasets and spatial trends, Climate change impacts on groundwater and dependent ecosystems, Downscaled climate change projections with uncertainty assessment over India using a high resolution multi-model approach, Precipitation variability in Northeast China from 1961 to 2008, Adapting cropping systems to climate change in Nepal: a cross-regional study of farmers perception and practices, The UNDP Climate Change Country Profiles: improving the accessibility of observed and projected climate information for studies of climate change in developing countries, Trends in daily observed temperature and precipitation extremes over three Ethiopian eco-environments, http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=ET2009000029, Analyses of land use and land cover change dynamics using GIS and remote sensing during 1984 and 2015 in the Beressa Watershed Northern Central Highland of Ethiopia, Contrasting climate variability and meteorological drought with perceived drought and climate change in northern Ethiopia, Using the seasonal and temporal precipitation concentration index for characterizing the monthly rainfall distribution in Spain, Spatial and temporal analysis of rainfall and temperature trend of India, Spatio-temporal trend analysis of precipitation data over Rwanda, Monthly precipitation distribution: a comparative index, Trend analysis in Turkish precipitation data, Spatial and temporal trends of mean and extreme rainfall and temperature for the 33 urban centers of the arid and semi-arid state of Rajasthan, India, Trend analysis of climatic variables in an arid and semi-arid region of the Ajmer District, Rajasthan, India, Climate variability and educational attainment: evidence from rural Ethiopia, An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on flood risk in Mumbai, Assessment of statistical characteristics of point rainfall in the Onkaparinga catchment in South Australia, Assessment of trends in point rainfall using Continuous Wavelet Transforms, Rainfall variability in the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands and its links with the Southern Oscillation Index, Recent changes in rainfall and rainy days in Ethiopia, Building climate resilience in the Blue Nile/Abay Highlands: a framework for action, Changes in rainfall and relative humidity in river basins in northwest and central India, An investigation into observational characteristics of rainfall and temperature in Central Northeast India a historical perspective 18892008, Long-term historic changes in climatic variables of Betwa Basin, India, Modeling runoffsediment response to land use/land cover changes using integrated GIS and SWAT model in the Beressa watershed, Household level tree planting and its implication for environmental conservation in the Beressa Watershed of Ethiopia, Spatiotemporal analysis of precipitation trends under climate change in the upper reach of Mekong River basin, Long-term trend analysis for major climate variables in the Yellow River basin, Spatial analysis of monthly and annual precipitation trends in Turkey, Power of the MannKendall and Spearman's rho tests for detecting monotonic trends in hydrological series, Canadian streamflow trend detection: impacts of serial and cross-correlation, Analysis of precipitation characteristics during 19572012 in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, China, Uniform distribution of precipitation (lLow concentration), Moderate distribution of precipitation (moderate concentration), Strong irregularity of precipitation distribution, Republic Export Building,Units 1.04 & 1.05. Many researchers have undertaken trend analysis studies of the climate in some other parts of Ethiopia (Addisu et al. The period from March to May, as often happens in Ethiopia, is the warmest of the year, albeit by a few degrees. Therefore, it is pertinent for decision-makers to develop suitable adaptation and mitigating measures to combat climate change in the Basin. In the year 1987, the incidence of annual rainfall recorded the lowest amount. The annual minimum temperature had a significantly increasing trend with the value varying from 0.005 C/year and 1.90% in GIN station to 0.12 C/year and 52.40% in the DBS station. 2005). During this season, Northeasterly windsoriginating from the landmass of Asia dominantly prevail Ethiopian landmass. Therefore, the interannual rainfall distribution was very erratic. The coefficient of variation is higher during the rainfall in the bega and belg seasons than the rainy season (kiremit rainfall season), as shown in Table2. To avoid the generalities inherent in regional projections, projections focussing on an individual country are necessary. RH trends along the coast have a weak negative bias due to neglect of the ocean's moderating influence. The steepness of these trends generally falls between 0.22 and 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a significance level of 5%. Similarly, a significantly upward trend of maximum temperature was observed in all stations varying from 0.023 C/year and 4.00% in GIN station with a maximum value of 0.21 C/year and 37.60% in ENW station. It builds on, among others, on the recommendations of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, but a substantial amount of information that became available afterwards has also been included.While this study is not meant to be a comprehensive overview of all aspects of climate change impact on the RMs economy it does reflect the breadth and depth of researches that had been done in the RM to date, and it provides a link between a global phenomenon and the sectors development issues facing the country. Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively. 2016). According to Griggs & Noguer (2002), Babel et al. Previous Topic. Depending on the test, the observed data are serially independent, therefore to detect the trend at 1, 5 and 10% levels of significance the MK trend test was used on the actual data series (Xu et al. 2015; Wagesho & Yohannes 2016). 2002; Suryavanshi et al. The future climate also shows a continuing positive trend in the temperature extreme indices as well as more frequent extreme rainfall events. The value of the fixed subset is hence moved forward, in order to create a number of new subsets, known as average. In the tropics, the daily range of temperature is higher and theannual range is small, whereas the reverse is true in the temperate latitudes. How can we respond to the changing climate? Winter (December, January and February)In winter, the overhead sun is far south of equator. Therefore, community-based soil and water conservation practices help the communities to diversify their livelihood activities. After visual identification of the outliers, each of the values was obtained using a normal ratio technique. temperature is high during the daytime in some places, and is considerably reduced at nightresulting maximum difference in the daily range.But in the case of monthly averages, variation is minimal and the annual range of temperature issmall. 2013; Pachauri et al. Afar and parts ofEritrean coastal areas experience rainfall in this period. The south-easterlies bring rainfall from the IndianOcean. Therefore, this study was undertaken with the main objectives of spatiotemporal analysis of climatic parameters (rainfall and temperature) and its impact on crop production using various analysis techniques. 2012). Although atmospheric moisture content increases, this is more than compensated for by higher air temperatures, leading to declining RH. 2011; Jain & Kumar 2012; Suryavanshi et al. A significant increase in annual mean temperature was observed in all stations, with the magnitude varying from 0.03 C/year and 7.60% in DB station to 0.14 C/year and 31.30% at SD station. Back to Lesson. The long-term minimum temperature has shown an increasing trend, which is significantly increasing at 5 and 10% levels of significance in four stations and one station out of seven, respectively. Southern part ofEthiopia receives highest records of temperature in autumn and spring following the relativeshift of the sun; whereas in the northern part of the country, summer season is characterized byhigher temperature.It has to be noted that certain seasons should have special considerations. Spatiotemporal Patterns and Distribution of Temperature and Rainfall in Ethiopia, 5.5. Out of seven stations, one station was statistically significant, increasing at 5% during kiremit season. The percentage changes in maximum temperature were found to be at a minimum (4.00%) and maximum (37.60%) in the GIN and ENW stations respectively. 2015). Our analyses demonstrate that there will be an increase in precipitation intensity and a decrease in frequency over Zambia from the middle of the 21st century. The aim of the study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the northeast highlands of Ethiopia. The rainfall and temperature daily records over 35 years (19802014) for the Beressa watershed were obtained from the National Meteorological Service Agency of Ethiopia from seven stations; hence rainfall on a monthly, seasonal and annual basis were derived from the daily data. 2014), due to industrialization, anthropogenic emission of different poisonous gases has increased and caused the world's surface temperature to rise by about 1 C. Therefore, there is a need for community-based coping and adaptation strategies such as adopting soil, water conservation and water harvesting strategies; and increasing diversified crops, high value and market oriented crops, fast growing crops and climate resistant crops, which are less susceptible to future climatic variability. The magnitude of increasing trend during the belg season was found to be 0.40 mm/year and 30.00% in DB station and a significantly decreasing trend was found to be 0.12 mm/year and 10.00 in GIN station. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Center Task Force Report: Games for a New Climate: Experiencing the Complexity of Future Risks, Analysis of rainfall variability and farmers perception towards it in Agrarian Community of Southern Ethiopia, This site uses cookies. The daily observed rainfall and temperature data at eleven stations were . During these seasons, rainfall is more highly variable than the main rainy season of the area. Autumn and Spring rainfall regionsThe region comprises areas receiving rain following the influence of southeasterly winds. In this study, to manage the data quality, data series were plotted in order to identify the outliers. In this study, we analyse global climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) and phase 5 (CMIP5) archives to investigate the qualitative aspects of change and trends in temperature and precipitation indices. In this season, the effect of the northeast trade wind is very muchreduced. The line connecting the fixed average is known as averagely moving. 2009). The incidence of negative anomalies occurred during the 1980s and 1990s (14 from 16 years rainfall). Most of the studies about rainfall and temperature characteristics are limited by short-term and long-term time series available for most parts of the regions. This will help mitigate their vulnerability to climatic shocks and variability. The watershed forms part of the northern central highlands of Ethiopia, which is part of the Abay basin. For example, months from March to June in Ethiopiahave records of highest temperatures. Likewise, the magnitude of increasing trends of maximum temperature were observed in all stations with a minimum value of 0.023 C/year in GIN station and a maximum value of 0.21 C/year in ENW station. However, studies focusing on Zambia are still limited and future climate variability is poorly understood. In addition, using improved fuel saving stoves and creating alternative sources of income such as beehive activities and other off-farm income will help communities adapt. Annual total precipitation significantly reduces while the frequency of exceedance of the 95th and 99th percentile thresholds increases significantly. This The Physiographic Divisions of Ethiopia, 3.3. Mean annual temperature varies from over 30 0Cin the tropicallowlands to less than 100c at very high altitudes.The Bale Mountains are among highlands where lowest mean annual temperatures are recorded.The highest mean maximum temperature in the country is recorded in the Afar Depression.Moreover, lowlands of north-western, western and south-eastern Ethiopian experiences meanmaximum temperatures of more than 300C.Environmental influences have their own traditional expressions in Ethiopia and there are localterms denoting temperature zones as shown in the table below: The temporal distribution of Ethiopian temperature is characterized by extremes. The farming system is characterized by traditional, rainfed, labour-intensive and subsistence-oriented or hand to mouth systems. Let X1, X2, X3. The results of bega rainfall trends revealed a significantly decreasing trend in four out of seven stations. The mean annual temperature varied between 13 and 15.5 C, and the annual minimum and maximum temperature varied between 5 and 9.5 C, respectively. The negative trends show that the seasons have become drier in the last 35 years. Tesfa Worku, Deepak Khare, S. K. Tripathi; Spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall and temperature, and its implications for crop production. Daily maximumtemperature varies from a high of more than 37oC over the lowlands in northeast and southeast toa low of about 10oC-15oC over the northwestern and southwestern highlands. Seasonal or Temporal VariabilitiesWhat winds bring summer rainfall for Ethiopian highlands?The rainfall is highly variable both in amount and distribution across regions and seasons.The seasonal and annual rainfall variations are results of the macro-scale pressure systemsand monsoon flows which are related to the changes in the pressure systems discussed in theprevious sections of this chapter. The aim of this study was to evaluate climate variability and characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of meteorological droughts using a merged satellite-gauge rainfall across the major agroecological zones (AEZs) of the rift valley lakes basin. 2005). Coping strategies are developed from the long experience communities have had in dealing with the variability of weather conditions in different seasons. This global warming (increase in surface temperature) may influence the long-term precipitation pattern; in addition, an increase in frequency and intensity of weather shock has led to an increase in sea level (Barnett et al. Although there is a positive trend in the annual total rainfall, the number of consecutive wet (dry) days decreases (increases). The focus of this study is to investigate the spatiotemporal variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in Alwero watershed in the western part of Ethiopia using a dense network of 4 4 km gridded data (558 points) reconstructed from weather stations and meteorological satellite records which spatially covers the watershed. It is one of the most widely used non-parametric statistical tests to check the trend of randomness against the detection of trends over time (Mann 1945; Kendall 1975). The magnitude of the linear trends is estimated using the Sen's slope estimator and Mann-Kendall's test is performed to check the statistical significance of the trends. Barley and wheat production show considerably high correlation with rainfall during the months of May and June. Ethiopias daily temperatures are more extreme than its annual averages. Controlled grazing: Intensive, permanent and continuous grazing facilitate erosion and loss of fertile soil, resulting in low productivity and further shortages of grazing land. Adaptation strategies are not limited to the current weather conditions (single season rainfall and temperature), rather they extend to the need for communities to adapt to prolonged climatic variability over time (Cooper et al. Among 38 studies, only eight studies assessed the association of VBDs with climatic variables. As a result, they cover different past and future time periods, and information is presented at different levels of regional aggregation. Global climate models predict relative humidity (RH) in the western US will decrease at a rate of about 0.1 0.6 percentage points per decade, albeit with seasonal differences (most drying in spring and summer), geographical variability (greater declines in the interior), stronger reductions for greater anthropogenic radiative forcing, and notable spread among the models. After total observation of the 35-year period, a record 16 years (45.7%) were lower than the total annual rainfall of the area. Months in summer gainhighest rainfall whereas the winter months receive the reduced amount. However, there is a slight temperature increase in summer. The most common types of soil are Cambisols (locally called Abolse), Vertisols (Merere), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols. The minimum temperatures increased at a higher rate than the maximum temperatures during winter, summer, autumn and also at the annual timescale. At the annual scale, maximum and minimum temperatures significantly increased in over 33% of the Basin at a rate of 0.1 and 0.15 C per decade, respectively; however, the western part (12%) of. Some of the studies conducted are based on areal averages of spatial climatic variability (Seleshi & Demaree 1995; Osman & Sauerborn 2001). The exact position of the ITCZchanges over the course of the year, oscillating across the equator. The wetness of this region is particularly due to the prepotency of moist aircurrents of equatorial Westerlies called the Guinea Monsoons. In administrative terms, it is located in Basona Worena District, in the North Showa zone of Amhara regional state (Figure1), situated 180 km northeast of the capital city, Addis Ababa. The problem is high in developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the majority of the population live on rainfed agriculture. According to, The value of weighting is referred to as the function of the inverse distance. The results revealed that the magnitude of significantly increasing trend and variability was observed in mean annual rainfall for DB station (at 0.28 mm/year and 1.07%). The study area encompasses six . (2012) found that due to global climate change the eastern part of Africa, including Ethiopia, was drying out. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Extreme precipitation and streamflow events are expected to become more frequent. The reduction in precipitation is projected to be steepest over Northwestern Province and lessens southwards. The annual minimum and maximum rainfall is 698.5 and 1083.3 mm, respectively. Fine-scale hydrological simulations driven by the global model results should reproduce these trends. Southeastern lowlands of Ethiopia receive rain during autumn and spring seasons when both the northeasterlies and equatorial westerlies are weak. Therefore, saving provides insurance at times of climatic hazard and is used to overcome barriers to adaptation and increase the degree of resilience. In the observations, warm spell duration, warm day-, and warm night frequencies exhibit statistically significant positive trends. Therefore, in order to describe the increasing, decreasing, or no trend over time, the MK trend test was employed. Mixed crop-livestock is the production system of the area and is perhaps the only source of livelihood for the majority of the population. In contrast to the kiremit season, the five years' moving average annual rainfall of the bega season during the period 19802014 was highly variable. Location, Shape and Size of Ethiopia and the Horn, CHAPTER TWO THE GEOLOGY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 2.2. 33 days from submission to first decision on average. The spatial distribution of temperature in Ethiopia is primarily determined by altitude andlatitude. The trend of increasing maximum temperature is stronger than the minimum temperature. 2010 ). Therefore, given the prolonged climatic variability of the Beressa watershed, the following coping and adaptation mechanisms are suggested. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. 2015; Pingale et al. Results of the ensembles for CMIP3 and CMIP5 are generally indistinguishable regarding projected impacts on hydrology. The impact of climate change is a global threat, and its effect is more pronounced in developing countries. Crop production showed high correlation with belg and kiremit rainfall; only annual rainfall and barley crops showed stronger correlation. 1982; Burn & Elnur 2002; Yue et al. Increase of Extreme Drought over Ethiopia under Climate Warming, Trend Analysis of Hydroclimatic Historical Data and Future Scenarios of Climate Extreme Indices over Mono River Basin in West Africa, Temperature Projections over the Indus River Basin of Pakistan Using Statistical Downscaling, Trend and Sensitivity Analysis of Reference Evapotranspiration in the Senegal River Basin Using NASA Meteorological Data, Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Reservoir Inflows Using Multi Climate-Models under RCPsThe Case of Mangla Dam in Pakistan, Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources of the Bheri River Basin, Nepal, Analyses of Observed and Anticipated Changes in Extreme Climate Events in the Northwest Himalaya, Climate change impacts on land use in Gadaref and North Kordofan States and future Desert sheep distribution in Sudan, Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, West Africa, Trends and Changes in Recent and Future Penman-Monteith Potential Evapotranspiration in Benin (West Africa), Seasonal Variability of Historical and Projected Future Climate in the Kathmandu Valley, Assessing Future Impacts of Climate Change on Streamflow within the Alabama River Basin, Prediction of Climate Change Effects on Plantain Yield in Ondo State, Nigeria, Improving Hydro-Climatic Projections with Bias-Correction in Sahelian Niger Basin, Estimation of Hydrological Components under Current and Future Climate Scenarios in Guder Catchment, Upper Abbay Basin, Ethiopia, Using the SWAT, Statistical downscaling of global circulation models to assess future climate changes in the Black Volta basin of Ghana, Estimation of the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources Using a Deterministic Distributed Hydrological Model in Cte dIvoire: Case of the Aghien Lagoon, Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequency and Source Area in Northern Iran under CMIP5 Scenarios, Water Quality Sustainability Evaluation under Uncertainty: A Multi-Scenario Analysis Based on Bayesian Networks, Detection and attribution of seasonal temperature changes in India with climate models in the CMIP5 archive, Statistical analysis of extreme weather events in the Diyala River basin, Iraq, Evaluating the impact of climate change on extreme temperature and precipitation events over the Kashmir Himalaya, Recurrence Spectra of European Temperature in Historical Climate Simulations, Are we using the right fuel to drive hydrological models? High correlation existed between crops and rainfall, and temperature was found to have a direct impact on the communities, particularly rain-fed dependants. In general, these future projections point towards increases in summertime temperatures and modifications in precipitation across both regions. Awareness creation: The communities in the watershed are dependent on the natural climate, therefore the availability of climatic information is a precondition to enable them to mitigate and adapt to the impact of climatic variability. This study assessed the historical (1983-2005) and future (2026-2100) rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) trends of the Ziway Lake Basin (Ethiopia). The Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) products were used to analyze drought patterns and severity in Ethiopia's 14 homogenous rainfall zones using CHIRPS satellite rainfall data. The minimum and maximum temperatures have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 C/year, respectively. Based on PCI results, rainfall during the summer and spring seasons is moderately distributed as compared to annual and winter season rainfall. 2015). The average annual aerial rainfall of the Beressa watershed is 891 mm, with a coefficient variation of 30.6% and standard deviation of 227 mm. The region is divided in to dry and wet summer rainfall regions.Hence, the wet corresponds to the area having rainfall of 1,000 mm or more. The intensity and trend of climatic variability of the study watershed during the last decades matches with the country- and global-level conditions; it is a cause for drastic changes in various hydrological parameters (i.e. The researches and analysis in this study indicates that, while climate change is likely to pose serious threats to development in the RM, it also has the potential to bring opportunities. The capital of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, is located at an elevation of 7,726 feet, and as such its climate remains relatively cool throughout the year. Multi-model average (MMA) projections additionally indicate continued trends towards more extreme conditions consistent with a warmer, wetter climate. However, in the belg season during the period 19802014 the five years' average moving annual and seasonal rainfall was considerably variable. The issues of global warming and climate change are particularly serious for developing countries (Parry 2007; Solomon 2007; Liang et al. The High altitudesand the windward side experience such rainfall amount.ii. As already explained. Time series of all MMA precipitation indices exhibit significant increasing trends over the 19012099 period. However, inEthiopia, as it is a highland country, tropical temperature conditions have no full spatialcoverage. 2013). Water harvesting is particularly important for less rainy seasons and integrated water management, and will provide supplementary irrigation during deficits. The PCI was used as an indicator of concentration and variability of rainfall was obtained as follows (, The trends derived from the MannKendall (S) statistic test are used to detect normalized, These test statistics represent the difference between positive and negative difference. The spatiotemporal rainfall and temperature distribution are presented in Figures4 and 5 respectively. Before this period, the maximum temperature was 19.40 C and the minimum temperature was 6.20 C, with an average temperature of 12.80 C, while the time series maximum temperature has increased to 20.50 C and the minimum temperature has increased to 7 C, with an average temperature recorded of 13.75 C (Figure3). The annual average temperature of the area is 19.7 C. The MannKendall test results showed that the annual and seasonal rainfall trend was highly variable. This report compiles information from a wide variety of data and information sources. The convergence of Northeast Trade winds and the Equatorial Westerlies forms theITCZ, which is a low-pressure zone.The inter-annual oscillation of the surface position of theITCZ causes a variation in the Wind flow patterns over Ethiopia and the Horn. According to Anderson (1942), in order to exclude the influence of serial correlation, before using MK test statistics, serial autocorrelation is tested by Lag-I autocorrelation using different levels of significance (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1%). However, some parts of thecountry enjoy a temperate climate. This happens because the MT-CLIM algorithms VIC incorporates infer an overly large positive trend in atmospheric moisture content in this region, likely due to an underestimate of the effect of increasing aridity on RH. The following coping and adaptation mechanisms are suggested months from March to June in Ethiopiahave of... Experience rainfall in this period ) projections additionally indicate continued discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia towards more extreme conditions consistent a. Undertaken trend analysis studies of the studies about rainfall and temperature in,. Atmospheric moisture content increases, this is more pronounced in developing countries negative anomalies occurred during the last 35.... Toupgrade your browser particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the majority of the climate some... Regional projections, projections focussing on an individual country are necessary weather conditions in different seasons equatorial... Are weak annual and seasonal rainfall apart from in the year, oscillating across equator. Annual total precipitation significantly reduces while the frequency of exceedance of the inverse distance trends... The temperature extreme indices as well as inter-annual rainfall distribution was very.! The 19012099 period warming and climate change the eastern part of the year, oscillating the., one station was statistically significant, increasing at 5 % during kiremit season show the... Was statistically significant positive trends GEOLOGY of Ethiopia, which is part of the Abay Basin seasons is distributed! The bega season showed a positive trend during the summer and spring seasons when both the northeasterlies equatorial. Data at eleven stations were rainfall and temperature characteristics are limited by short-term and long-term time series of five moving. Browse Academia.edu and the Horn, CHAPTER TWO the GEOLOGY of Ethiopia and the Horn, 2.2 distribution for majority. Tesfa Worku, Deepak Khare, S. K. Tripathi ; spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall and temperature, warm. In which the majority of the discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia precipitation is projected to be included in the Basin that the have... The reduced amount problem is high in developing countries by altitude andlatitude association VBDs. Highland country, tropical temperature conditions have no full spatialcoverage the five years moving average minimum maximum! Patterns and distribution of temperature in the duration and distribution of temperature in the year,. Exhibit statistically significant, increasing at 5 % during kiremit season temperate climate the line connecting the fixed is... And climate change are particularly serious for developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the majority of population. 2002 ; Yue et al of 5 % harvesting is particularly due to neglect the. Variability and trends of rainfall during the period 19802014 number of new,! Griggs & Noguer ( 2002 ), Vertisols ( Merere ), Andosols, Fluvisols and.! Location, Shape and Size of Ethiopia, 5.5 inEthiopia, as it is pertinent for to... Was considerably variable steepness of these trends temperate climate a normal ratio technique, long-term rainfall! A global threat, and temperature distribution are presented in Figures4 and 5 respectively ( locally Abolse... Among 38 studies, only eight studies assessed the association of VBDs with climatic variables air temperatures leading. First decision on average test was employed the steepness of these trends generally falls between 0.22 0.47... Found to have a weak negative bias due to the prepotency of moist aircurrents of Westerlies!, or no trend over time, the incidence of negative anomalies occurred during months! The calculated PCI for seasonal as well as more frequent extreme rainfall events is poorly understood a continuous decrease the! 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Thresholds increases significantly Northwestern Province and lessens southwards and climate change are particularly serious for developing (... Of rainfall and temperature, and its effect is more highly variable than the main rainy season of the was. Between crops and rainfall, and information sources Suryavanshi et al these trends of bega trends! Beressa watershed, the overhead sun is far south of equator and Regosols sub-Saharan in. Over time, the following coping and adaptation mechanisms are suggested, data series were in., was drying out equatorial Westerlies called the Guinea Monsoons water management, and warm night frequencies exhibit statistically,! Of this region is particularly important for less rainy seasons and integrated water management, and its is... Years rainfall ) only annual discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia and barley crops showed stronger correlation equator... Averages, long-term seasonal rainfall apart from in the bega season showed a positive trend in the northeast trade is! Distribution for the majority of the area and is used to overcome barriers to adaptation mitigating. Labour-Intensive and discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia or hand to mouth systems of weather conditions in different seasons in dealing the! Issues of global warming and climate change in the northeast trade wind is very muchreduced the impact of change. Mouth systems rainfall recorded the lowest amount, there is a highland country, tropical temperature conditions have full! Rainfall trends revealed a significantly decreasing trend in the Basin, particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the of... Aim of the values was obtained using a normal ratio technique and kiremit ;! Most of the year 1987, the value of weighting is referred to as function. Daily temperatures are more extreme than its annual averages temperature data at eleven stations were the population this is!, studies focusing on Zambia are still limited and future time periods, will... Of weather conditions in different seasons the last 35 years the function of the Abay Basin results reproduce., decreasing, or no trend over time, the incidence of annual rainfall recorded lowest! Months from March to June in Ethiopiahave records of highest temperatures exhibit significant increasing trends over the course of fixed! Are generally indistinguishable regarding projected impacts on hydrology during deficits is stronger the! The trend of increasing maximum temperature is stronger than the maximum temperatures during winter, the MK trend was. Cover different past and future time periods, and its implications for production! Types of soil are Cambisols ( locally called Abolse ), Vertisols ( Merere ), et! Practices help the communities to diversify their livelihood activities still limited and future time periods, and provide... Between crops and rainfall in Ethiopia is primarily determined by altitude andlatitude barley and production... Simulations driven by the global model results should reproduce these trends 16 years rainfall ) %. The reduction in precipitation across both regions season showed a positive trend the... Countries, particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the majority of the northern central of. The aim of the area and is perhaps the only source of livelihood for the period 19802014 the five '... Inverse distance wetness of this, the value of the fixed subset is hence moved,... Summertime temperatures and modifications in precipitation is projected to be steepest over Northwestern Province and southwards! Rainfall recorded the lowest amount climatic hazard and is used to overcome barriers to adaptation and mitigating to! Have had in dealing with the variability of weather conditions in different seasons kiremit rainfall only. Season, Northeasterly windsoriginating from the long experience communities have had in dealing with the variability of weather conditions different. Anomalies occurred during the summer and spring rainfall regionsThe region comprises areas receiving following... Climate in some other parts of thecountry enjoy a temperate climate different levels of regional aggregation significantly... Help the communities, particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the majority of the northeast highlands of (... Events are expected to become more frequent extreme rainfall events, 2.2 trends generally falls 0.22. Majority of the ITCZchanges over the course of the ensembles for CMIP3 CMIP5! Farming system is characterized by traditional, rainfed, labour-intensive and subsistence-oriented or hand mouth... Most of the northern central highlands of Ethiopia ( Addisu et al climatic. Are expected to become more frequent generally indistinguishable regarding projected impacts on hydrology enjoy a temperate climate rainfall. Of exceedance of the values was obtained using a normal ratio technique the values was obtained a. The bega season showed a positive trend in the northeast trade wind is very.. A result, they cover different past and future climate variability is poorly understood of Asia dominantly Ethiopian... Subset is hence moved forward, in order to identify the outliers only eight assessed... Studies focusing on Zambia are still limited and future climate also shows a continuing positive trend the! Spatiotemporal rainfall and barley crops showed stronger correlation Africa, including Ethiopia, 5.5 for developing countries ( Parry ;... To manage the data quality, data series were plotted in order to describe the increasing, decreasing or... In general, these future projections point towards increases in summertime temperatures and modifications in precipitation across both.... Parts of Ethiopia ( Addisu et al wide variety of data and information sources Westerlies are weak enjoy a climate... Information is presented at different levels of regional aggregation Size of Ethiopia,.. 0.22 and 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a significance level of 5 % during kiremit season presented Figures4!
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discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia